The NASA Carbon Monitoring System (CMS) is poised to fill a missing gap in blue carbon accounting by providing 1) a national-scale data framework to integrate and extrapolate field measurements that support national GHG inventory requirements, and 2) testing data needs for quantification of stock-based changes in coastal wetland sediments (soil) and vegetation for eventual REDD+ eligibility. We propose to develop a verifiable carbon (C) monitoring protocol appropriate for national policy and market interventions. Our approach is to refine Landsat-based land cover change data from NOAA’s Coastal Change Analysis Program, with C-relevant attributes from finer scale NASA-derived spectral and RADAR data, as well as broadly available field-data from partner agencies. Synthesizing previously-collected data for 6 sentinel sites along representative coasts of the U.S., we will refine and validate an IPCC-relevant, temporally-explicit (1992-2011) accounting method for coastal wetland C stocks and annual fluxes. Our approach leverages a recent surge in research on the key processes that regulate soil C accumulation in tidal wetlands, which we propose can be captured at large spatial scales using remotely sensed data and GIS modeling. Net annual C flux into tidal wetland soils is largely a function of vertical accretion due to organic accumulation with sea level rise, or C losses due to oxidation and erosion. Dated soil cores (137Cs, 210Pb) provide quantification of C stocks and long-term rates of net C accretion or loss. The IPCC default value for soil C sequestration in tidal wetlands is 140 g/m2/yr, but rates in U.S. tidal wetlands range from 20-800 g C /m2/yr. The greatest uncertainty in current blue carbon inventory approaches arises from categorical upscaling, or distributing point data through the estuarine landscape. Both the updated USFWS National Wetland Inventory (NWI) and NOAA’s Landsat-based C-CAP program provide current and historic national distributions of estuarine intertidal wetlands. As linked with USDA SSURGO dataset, the raster-based Landsat-derived C-CAP land cover maps will be used as the primary spatial dataset for tidal wetland distribution and initial estimates of U.S. coastal wetland GHG annual inventories. Field data provide both a) attributes in a land cover model (tide gauges, elevation) and b) validation datasets (soil cores, biomass, salinity, methane fluxes). While analyses are focused on 6 sites, these field-based data are broadly available across the U.S. through partner agencies such as NOAA, Smithsonian, NSF, EPA, USFWS, and Louisiana’s CRMS databases. One goal will be to determine the price of precision or extent to which finer habitat classifications (hydrology, salinity, sea-level rise) continue to inform C accounting with greater accuracy. Remotely-sensed data products will be derived from ongoing NASA Earth Observations, specifically Landsat, Aquarius, PRISM, ALOS-2, UAVSAR, and HICO. Where available, airborne datasets (AVIRIS, AirSWOT) may illustrate the value of future satellite missions (HyspIRI, SWOT) for wetland C accounting. This project will provide a fundamental data platform to aid the U.S. in quantifying emissions and removals in response to the IPCC Wetlands Supplement (2014) as requested to support the national report in 2017. We recognize that MRV in coastal wetlands will require both remote sensing and field-based data to hindcast and continue monitoring C emissions and removals. Critical products will include network building, data compilation, algorithm development, and MRV error analyses across a series of data-driven scales. Our intensive site validation supports testable indices for accurate C flux accounting, and thus meets several CMS goals such as 1) future application at continental scales, 2) model testing of key drivers of coastal C sequestration and 3) intercomparison and collaboration with associated NASA-supported coastal C cycling research and scenario testing.
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Project URL(s):
None provided.
Data Products:
Product Title: Accounting methodology for coastal wetland carbon stocks and fluxes.
Time Period: 1992-2011
Description: - Develop a verifiable IPCC-relevant, temporally-explicit coastal wetland carbon monitoring protocol appropriate for national policy and market interventions.
Status: Planned
CMS Science Theme(s): Land Biomass; Land-Atmosphere Flux; Land-Ocean Flux; MRV
Input Data Products: Landsat-based land cover change data (NLCD) from NOAA's Coastal Change Analysis Program, LIDAR data, USFWS National Wetland Inventory, USDA Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO), relevant tide gauges within regions
Algorithm/Models Used: GIS modeling
Evaluation: Field data provide both:; 1. attributes in a land cover model (tidal gauges, elevation); 2. validation datasets (soil cores, biomass, salinity, methane fluxes).
Intercomparison Efforts/Gaps: 30 m vs. 250 m (MODIS): comparison with Najjar synthesis (Rusty Feagin)to determine which attribute results in a large discrepancy
Uncertainty Estimates: MRV error analyses that reduce uncertainty that arise from categorical upscaling, or distributing point data through the estuarine landscape.
Relevant Policies/Programs: REDD+, NGHGI, Global Methane Initiative of the US EPA, Blue Carbon Initiative, Coastal Wetland Planning, Protection, and Restoration Act, NOAA Habitat Restoration Monitoring
Potential Users: EPA *Tom Wirth*, NOAA, USFWS, Louisiana Coastal Wetlands Conservation and Restoration Task Force, USDA, Council for Environmental Cooperation, voluntary and regulatory carbon markets
Stakeholders: EPA (Point of Contact: Tom Wirth)
Current Application Readiness Level: 1
Start Application Readiness Level: 1
Target Application Readiness Level: 6
Future Developments:
Limitations: Existing data availability and quality
Date When Product Available: Jul-16
Metadata URL(s):
Data Server URL(s):
Archived Data Citation:
Bounding Coordinates:
West Longitude:
0.00000
East Longitude:
0.00000
North Latitude:
0.00000
South Latitude:
0.00000
Product Title: Estimates of coastal wetland carbon fluxes.
Spatial Extent: 6 sentinel sites along representative coasts of the U.S. (Pudget Sound, San Francisco Bay, Barataria coast of Louisiana, Everglades, Chesapeake Bay, Cape Cod)
Spatial Resolution: 30 m
Temporal Frequency: Once
Input Data Products: dated soil cores (137Cs, 210Pb), Landsat-based land cover change data from NOAA's Coastal Change Analysis Program, NASA-derived spectral and radar data (i.e. Landsat, Aquarius, PRISM, ALOS-2, UAVSAR, and HICO), NASA airborne datasets (i.e. AVIRIS, AirSWOT), USFWS National Wetland Inventory, USDA Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO), broadly available field-data from partner agencies (i.e. NOAA, Smithsonian, National Science Foundation, EPA, USFWS, and Louisiana's Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS), LIDAR
Algorithm/Models Used: Marsh Equilibrium Model (MEMO), developed by Jim Morris
Evaluation: data scalar evaluation: stepwise regression approach to test if incorporation of finer details about temperature, salinity, etc. improves results)
Intercomparison Efforts/Gaps: comparison with IPCC default values
Uncertainty Estimates: MRV error analyses that reduce uncertainty that arise from categorical upscaling, or distributing point data through the estuarine landscape.
Relevant Policies/Programs: REDD+, NGHGI, Global Methane Initiative of the US EPA, Blue Carbon Initiative, Coastal Wetland Planning, Protection, and Restoration Act, NOAA Habitat Restoration Monitoring
Potential Users: EPA *Tom Wirth*, NOAA, USFWS, Louisiana Coastal Wetlands Conservation and Restoration Task Force, USDA, Council for Environmental Cooperation, voluntary and regulatory carbon markets
Stakeholders:
Current Application Readiness Level: 1
Start Application Readiness Level: 1
Target Application Readiness Level: 6
Future Developments:
Limitations: Existing data availability and quality
Date When Product Available: Jul-17
Metadata URL(s):
Data Server URL(s):
Archived Data Citation:
Bounding Coordinates:
West Longitude:
0.00000
East Longitude:
0.00000
North Latitude:
0.00000
South Latitude:
0.00000
Product Title: MRV error analyses across a series of data-driven scales.
Time Period: 1992-2011
Description: - Quantify uncertainties.; - Determine price of precision or extent to which finer habitat classifications (hydrology, salinity, sea-level rise) continue to inform carbon accounting with greater accuracy.
Status: Planned
CMS Science Theme(s): Land Biomass; Land-Atmosphere Flux; Land-Ocean Flux; MRV
Keywords: Evaluation & User Interfaces
Spatial Extent: 6 sentinel sites along representative coasts of the U.S. (Pudget Sound, San Francisco Bay, Barataria coast of Louisiana, Everglades, Chesapeake Bay, Cape Cod)
Spatial Resolution: 30 m
Temporal Frequency: Once
Input Data Products: dated soil cores (137Cs, 210Pb), Landsat-based land cover change data from NOAA's Coastal Change Analysis Program, NASA-derived spectral and radar data (i.e. Landsat, Aquarius, PRISM, ALOS-2, UAVSAR, and HICO), NASA airborne datasets (i.e. AVIRIS, AirSWOT), USFWS National Wetland Inventory, USDA Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO), broadly available field-data from partner agencies (i.e. NOAA, Smithsonian, National Science Foundation, EPA, USFWS, and Louisiana's Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS), LIDAR
Algorithm/Models Used: Statistical software coupled with GIS
Relevant Policies/Programs: REDD+, NGHGI, Global Methane Initiative of the US EPA, Blue Carbon Initiative, Coastal Wetland Planning, Protection, and Restoration Act, NOAA Habitat Restoration Monitoring
Potential Users: EPA *Tom Wirth*, NOAA, USFWS, Louisiana Coastal Wetlands Conservation and Restoration Task Force, USDA, Council for Environmental Cooperation, voluntary and regulatory carbon markets
Stakeholders: EPA (Point of Contact: Tom Wirth)
Current Application Readiness Level: 1
Start Application Readiness Level: 1
Target Application Readiness Level: 6
Future Developments:
Limitations: Existing data availability and quality
Date When Product Available: Jul-17
Metadata URL(s):
Data Server URL(s):
Archived Data Citation:
Bounding Coordinates:
West Longitude:
0.00000
East Longitude:
0.00000
North Latitude:
0.00000
South Latitude:
0.00000
Product Title: Accuracy and Precision of Tidal Wetland Soil Carbon Mapping in the Conterminous United States: Public Soil Carbon Data Release Version 1
Start Date: 01/1990End Date: 12/2017 (1990-2017)
Description: This product is a spatially explicit database totaling 1959 soil cores from 49 different studies across CONUS. The dataset was dominated by estuarine emergent wetlands (n = 1533), but also contained tidal palustrine emergent (n = 157), estuarine forested and scrub/shrub (n = 46), and tidal palustrine forested and scrub/shrub (n = 87). 134 cores did not have enough accompanying meta-data for us to make this distinction. The empirical dataset was spatially representative with 18 of the 22 coastal CONUS states included. Variables reported include, site location, sampling methodology, soil bulk density, soil organic matter fraction, soil carbon fraction and dominant vegetation at sampling site.
Status: Archived
CMS Science Theme(s): Land Biomass; MRV
Keywords: coastal carbon; wetlands
Spatial Extent: CONUS
Spatial Resolution:
Temporal Frequency: collection of individual studies
Input Data Products:
Algorithm/Models Used:
Evaluation:
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Relevant Policies/Programs:
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Stakeholders: EPA (Point of Contact: Tom Wirth)
Current Application Readiness Level: 8
Start Application Readiness Level: 1
Target Application Readiness Level: 9
Future Developments:
Limitations:
Date When Product Available: June 2018
Assigned Data Center: Smithsonian Institution CCRCN
Archived Data Citation: James R Holmquist, Windham-Myers, Lisamarie, Bliss, Norman, Crooks, Stephen, Morris, James T, Megonigal, J Patrick, Troxler, Tiffany, Weller, Donald, Callaway, John, Drexler, Judith, Ferner, Matthew C, Gonneea, Meagan E, Kroeger, Kevin D, Schile-Beers, Lisa, Woo, Isa, Buffington, Kevin, Boyd, Brandon M, Breithaupt, Joshua, Brown, Lauren N, Dix, Nicole, Hice, Lyndie, Horton, Benjamin P, MacDonald, Glen M, Moyer, Ryan P, Reay, William, Shaw, Timothy, Smith, Erik, Smoak, Joseph M, Sommerfield, Christopher, Thorne, Karen, Velinsky, David, Watson, Elizabeth, Wilson Grimes, Kristen, Woodrey, Mark. (2018). [Dataset:] Accuracy and Precision of Tidal Wetland Soil Carbon Mapping in the Conterminous United States: Public Soil Carbon Data Release Version 1. Smithsonian Institution. DOI: 10.25572/ccrcn/10088/35684. [Date Accessed].
Bounding Coordinates:
West Longitude:
-124.00000
East Longitude:
-69.87000
North Latitude:
47.97000
South Latitude:
24.17000
Product Title: Green Vegetation Fraction High-Resolution Maps for Selected US Tidal Marshes, 2015
Start Date: 09/2013End Date: 08/2015 (2013-2015)
Description: This dataset provides 30m resolution maps of the fraction of green vegetation within tidal marshes for six estuarine regions of the conterminous United States: Cape Cod, MA; Chesapeake Bay, MD; Everglades, FL; Mississippi Delta, LA; San Francisco Bay, CA; and Puget Sound, WA. Maps were derived from a 1m classification of 2013 to 2015 National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) images as tidal marsh green vegetation, non-vegetation, and open water. Using this high-resolution map, the percent of each class within Landsat pixel extents was calculated to produce a 30m fraction of green vegetation map for each region.
Status: Archived
CMS Science Theme(s): Land Biomass
Keywords:
Spatial Extent:
Spatial Resolution: 30 x 30 m pixels
Temporal Frequency: one time sampling for each site
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Current Application Readiness Level: 1
Start Application Readiness Level: 1
Target Application Readiness Level: 6
Future Developments:
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Date When Product Available: December 2018
Assigned Data Center: ORNL DAAC
Metadata URL(s):
doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1608
Data Server URL(s):
doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1608
Archived Data Citation: Ballanti, L., and K.B. Byrd. 2018. Green Vegetation Fraction High-Resolution Maps for Selected US Tidal Marshes, 2015. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. DOI: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1608
Bounding Coordinates:
West Longitude:
-122.75000
East Longitude:
-69.93000
North Latitude:
47.12000
South Latitude:
25.08000
Product Title: Vegetation and Open Water High-Resolution Maps for Selected US Tidal Marshes, 2015
Start Date: 09/2013End Date: 08/2015 (2013-2015)
Description: This dataset provides maps of tidal marsh green vegetation, non-vegetation, and open water for six estuarine regions of the conterminous United States: Cape Cod, MA; Chesapeake Bay, MD, Everglades, FL; Mississippi Delta, LA; San Francisco Bay, CA; and Puget Sound, WA. Maps were derived from current National Agriculture Imagery Program data (2013-2015) using object-based classification for estuarine and palustrine emergent tidal marshes as indicated by a modified NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) map. These 1m resolution maps were used to calculate the fraction of green vegetation within 30m Landsat pixels for the same tidal marsh regions and these data are provided in a related dataset.
Status: Archived
CMS Science Theme(s): Land Biomass
Keywords:
Spatial Extent:
Spatial Resolution: 1m resolution of veg greeness 30 m resolution of site boundaries
Temporal Frequency: one time sampling per site
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Current Application Readiness Level: 1
Start Application Readiness Level: 1
Target Application Readiness Level: 6
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Date When Product Available: December 2018
Assigned Data Center: ORNL DAAC
Metadata URL(s):
doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1609
Data Server URL(s):
doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1609
Archived Data Citation: Ballanti, L., and K.B. Byrd. 2018. Vegetation and Open Water High-Resolution Maps for Selected US Tidal Marshes, 2015. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. DOI: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1609
Bounding Coordinates:
West Longitude:
-122.73000
East Longitude:
-69.93000
North Latitude:
47.12000
South Latitude:
24.92000
Product Title: Tidal Wetland Soil Carbon Stocks for the Conterminous United States, 2006-2010
Start Date: 01/2006End Date: 12/2010 (2006 through 2010)
Description: This dataset provides modeled estimates of soil carbon stocks for tidal wetland areas of the Conterminous United States (CONUS) for the period 2006-2010. Wetland areas were determined using both 2006-2010 Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) raster maps and the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) vector data. All 30 x 30-meter C-CAP pixels were extracted that are coded as estuarine emergent, scrub/shrub, or forested in either 2006 or 2010. A soil database for model fitting and validation was compiled from 49 different studies with spatially explicit empirical depth profile data and associated metadata, totaling 1,959 soil cores from 18 of the 22 coastal states. Reported estimates of carbon stocks were derived with modeling approaches that included (1) applying a single average carbon stock value from the compiled soil core data, (2) applying models fit using the empirical data and applied spatially using soil, vegetation and salinity maps, (3) relying on independently generated soil carbon maps from The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)'s Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO), and the NWI that intersected with mapped tidal wetlands, and (4) using a version of SSURGO bias-corrected for bulk density. Comparisons of uncertainty, precision, and accuracy among these four approaches are also provided.
Spatial Extent: Tidal wetlands of the conterminous United States
Spatial Resolution: 30-m
Temporal Frequency: One-time estimate
Input Data Products: 2006–2010 Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) raster maps; National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) vector data; Soil maps from SSURGO
Algorithm/Models Used:
Evaluation:
Intercomparison Efforts/Gaps:
Uncertainty Estimates: For models fit using a randomized subset of the empirical data, uncertainty was quantified in two phases, a validation stage in which we tested uncertainty in the model, and an application phase in which uncertainty was tested in the final mapped product. See Holmquist et al. (2018) for additional details.
Archived Data Citation: Holmquist, J.R., L. Windham-Myers, N. Bliss, S. Crooks, J.T. Morris, P.J. Megonigal, T. Troxler, D. Weller, J. Callaway, J. Drexler, M.C. Ferner, M.E. Gonneea, K. Kroeger, L. Schile-beers, I. Woo, K. Buffington, B.M. Boyd, J. Breithaupt, L.N. Brown, N. Dix, L. Hice, B.P. Horton, G.M. Macdonald, R.P. Moyer, W. Reay, T. Shaw, E. Smith, J.M. Smoak, C. Sommerfield, K. Thorne, D. Velinsky, E. Watson, K. Grimes, and M. Woodrey. 2019. Tidal Wetland Soil Carbon Stocks for the Conterminous United States, 2006-2010. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. DOI: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1612
Bounding Coordinates:
West Longitude:
-127.97000
East Longitude:
-65.27000
North Latitude:
48.24000
South Latitude:
22.73000
Product Title: Tidal Wetlands Soil Organic Carbon and Estuarine Characteristics, USA, 1972-2015
Description: This dataset provides a synthesis of soil organic carbon (SOC) estimates and a variety of other environmental information from tidal wetlands within estuaries in the conterminous United States for the period 1972-2015. The data were compiled from several existing data resources and include the following: soil organic carbon stock estimates, the proportion of the catchment area containing the wetlands that is barren, tidal wetland area, nontidal wetland land, open water, saltwater zone, mixed zone, agricultural, urban, forest, and wetland areas, land elevation, ocean salinity, sea surface temperature, ocean dissolved inorganic phosphorus, estuary latitude, longitude, depth, perimeter, salinity, and estuary volume, river flow, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus river flux, sediment organic carbon content, windspeed, mean temperature, daily and mean precipitation, frost days, and the population within each catchment. Estuaries were also classified to one of six typological categories. Coastal locations were determined by natural environmental and political divisions within the US. The data were used to investigate how tidal wetland soil organic carbon density is distributed across the continental US among various coastal locations, estuarine typologies, vegetation types, water regimes, and management regimes, and to identify whether SOC density is correlated with different environmental variables. The analytical results are not included with this dataset.
Spatial Extent: Estuaries and coastal areas in the Continental US
Spatial Resolution: varied
Temporal Frequency: annual
Input Data Products: dated soil cores (137Cs, 210Pb), Landsat-based land cover change data from NOAA's Coastal Change Analysis Program, NASA-derived spectral and radar data (i.e. Landsat, Aquarius, PRISM, ALOS-2, UAVSAR, and HICO), NASA airborne datasets (i.e. AVIRIS, AirSWOT), USFWS National Wetland Inventory, USDA Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO), broadly available field-data from partner agencies (i.e. NOAA, Smithsonian, National Science Foundation, EPA, USFWS, and Louisiana's Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS), LIDAR
Algorithm/Models Used: GIS modeling that have at least one model based on SSURGO (Bliss, 2003 model)
Evaluation: data scalar evaluation: stepwise regression approach to test if incorporation of finer details about temperature, salinity, etc. improves results)
Intercomparison Efforts/Gaps: 30 m vs. 250 m (MODIS): comparison with Najjar synthesis (Rusty Feagin)to determine which attribute results in a large discrepancy
Uncertainty Estimates: MRV error analyses that reduce uncertainty that arise from categorical upscaling, or distributing point data through the estuarine landscape.
Relevant Policies/Programs: REDD+, NGHGI, Global Methane Initiative of the US EPA, Blue Carbon Initiative, Coastal Wetland Planning, Protection, and Restoration Act, NOAA Habitat Restoration Monitoring
Potential Users: EPA *Tom Wirth*, NOAA, USFWS, Louisiana Coastal Wetlands Conservation and Restoration Task Force, USDA, Council for Environmental Cooperation, voluntary and regulatory carbon markets
Stakeholders:
Current Application Readiness Level: 6
Start Application Readiness Level: 1
Target Application Readiness Level: 6
Future Developments:
Limitations: Existing data availability and quality
Archived Data Citation: Hinson, A.L., R.A. Feagin, and M. Eriksson. 2019. Tidal Wetlands Soil Organic Carbon and Estuarine Characteristics, USA, 1972-2015. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. DOI: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1742
Bounding Coordinates:
West Longitude:
-124.39000
East Longitude:
-67.05000
North Latitude:
47.82000
South Latitude:
25.19000
Product Title: Coastal Wetland Elevation and Carbon Flux Inventory with Uncertainty, USA, 2006-2011
Start Date: 01/2006End Date: 12/2011 (2006-2011)
Description: This dataset provides maps of coastal wetland carbon and methane fluxes and coastal wetland surface elevation from 2006 to 2011 at 30 m resolution for coastal wetlands of the conterminous United States. Total coastal wetland carbon flux per year per pixel was calculated by combining maps of wetland type and change with soil, biomass, and methane flux data from a literature review. Uncertainty in carbon flux was estimated from 10,000 iterations of a Monte Carlo analysis. In addition to the uncertainty analysis, this dataset also provides a probabilistic map of the extent of tidal elevation, as well as the geospatial files used to create that surface, and a land cover and land cover change map of the coastal zone from 2006 to 2011 with accompanying estimated median soil, biomass, methane, and total CO2 equivalent annual fluxes, each with reported 95% confidence intervals, at 30 m resolution. Land cover was quantified using the Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP), a Landsat-based land cover mapping product.
Status: Archived
CMS Science Theme(s): Land Biomass; Land-Atmosphere Flux
Keywords:
Spatial Extent: Oceanic coastal regions of the Continental United States
Spatial Resolution: 30 m (300 m for tide gauge datum transformation and uncertainty layers)
Archived Data Citation: Holmquist, J.R., L. Windham-Myers, B. Bernal, K.B. Byrd, S. Crooks, M.E. Gonneea, N. Herold, S.H. Knox, K. Kroeger, J. Mccombs, P.J. Megonigal, L. Meng, J.T. Morris, A.E. Sutton-grier, T. Troxler, and D. Weller. 2019. Coastal Wetland Elevation and Carbon Flux Inventory with Uncertainty, USA, 2006-2011. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. DOI: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1650
Bounding Coordinates:
West Longitude:
-135.03000
East Longitude:
-56.66000
North Latitude:
48.99000
South Latitude:
20.38000
Product Title: Gross Primary Production Maps of Tidal Wetlands across Conterminous USA, 2000-2019
Start Date: 03/2000End Date: 11/2019 (2000-2019)
Description: This dataset provides mapped tidal wetland gross primary production (GPP) estimates (g C/m2/day) derived from multiple wetland types at 250-m resolution across the conterminous United States at 16-day intervals from March 5, 2000, through November 17, 2019. GPP was derived with the spatially explicit Blue Carbon (BC) model, which combined tidal wetland cover and field-based eddy covariance (EC) tower GPP data into a single Bayesian framework along with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) datasets. Tidal wetlands are a critical component of global climate regulation. Tidal wetland-based carbon, or "blue carbon," is a valued resource that is increasingly important for restoration and conservation purposes.
Status: Archived
CMS Science Theme(s): Land Biomass
Keywords:
Spatial Extent: Tidal wetlands across the conterminous United States
Archived Data Citation: Feagin, R.A., I. Forbrich, T.P. Huff, J.G. Barr, J. Ruiz-plancarte, J.D Fuentes, R.G. Najjar, R. Vargas, A. Vazquez-lule, L. Windham-Myers, K. Kroeger, E.J. Ward, G.W. Moore, M. Leclerc, K.W. Krauss, C.L. Stagg, M. Alber, S.H. Knox, K.V.R. Schafer, T.S. Bianchi, J.A. Hutchings, H.B. Nahrawi, A. Noormets, B. Mitra, A. Jaimes, A.L. Hinson, B. Bergamaschi, J. King, and G. Miao. 2020. Gross Primary Production Maps of Tidal Wetlands across Conterminous USA, 2000-2019. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. DOI: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1792
Bounding Coordinates:
West Longitude:
-128.03000
East Longitude:
-65.90000
North Latitude:
47.70000
South Latitude:
23.50000
Product Title: Digital Elevation Models for the Global Change Research Wetland, Maryland, USA, 2016
Start Date: 06/2016End Date: 08/2016 (2016)
Description: This dataset contains four alternative digital elevation models (DEMs) at 1 m resolution and model performance statistical metrics for the Global Change Research Wetland (GCReW) site on the Rhode River, a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland, USA, for the year 2016. Three DEMs were created by using different strategies for correcting positive biases in Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-based DEMs that are common in tidal wetlands. These included (1) applying a single average offset based on a literature review, (2) using the LiDAR Elevation Correction with NDVI (LEAN)-method, and (3) applying plant community-specific offsets using a local vegetation cover map. Existing LiDAR data at 1 m resolution collected in 2011 was the basis for these DEMs. The fourth DEM was created by using Empirical Bayesian Kriging to extrapolate between measured ground points. The elevation is provided in meters relative to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). To calibrate the four approaches, the elevation of the entire marsh complex was surveyed at 20 m x 20 m resolution to document the distribution of elevation relative to tidal datums from a single year. Two Trimble R8 real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS receivers were used to survey 525 points over the complex from July 26, 2016, to August 15, 2016. Relative plant cover was also documented. Tidal datums were calculated from the nearby Annapolis, MD tidal gauge located 13 km from GCReW.
Status: Archived
CMS Science Theme(s): Lake Biomass
Keywords:
Spatial Extent: The Rhode River wetland, a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA
Spatial Resolution: 1 meter
Temporal Frequency: One-time measurements in the year 2016
Archived Data Citation: Holmquist, J.R., J. Riera, J.P. Megonigal, L. Schile-beers, K.J. Buffington, and D.E. Weller. 2021. Digital Elevation Models for the Global Change Research Wetland, Maryland, USA, 2016. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. DOI: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1793
Bounding Coordinates:
West Longitude:
-76.55000
East Longitude:
-76.54000
North Latitude:
38.88000
South Latitude:
38.87000
Product Title: Aboveground Biomass High-Resolution Maps for Selected US Tidal Marshes, 2015
Start Date: 08/2015End Date: 09/2015 (One-time estimate. in 2015)
Description: This dataset provides maps of aboveground tidal marsh biomass (g/m2) at 30 m resolution for six estuarine regions of the conterminous United States: Cape Cod, MA; Chesapeake Bay, MD, Everglades, FL; Mississippi Delta, LA; San Francisco Bay, CA; and Puget Sound, WA. Estuarine and palustrine emergent tidal marsh areas were based on a 2010 NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) map. Aboveground biomass maps were generated from a random forest model driven by Landsat vegetation indices and a national scale dataset of field-measured aboveground biomass. The final model, driven by six Landsat vegetation indices, with the soil adjusted vegetation index as the most important, successfully predicted biomass for a range of marsh plant functional types defined by height, leaf angle, and growth form. Biomass can be converted to carbon stocks using a mean plant carbon content of 44.1%.
Status: Archived
CMS Science Theme(s): Land Biomass
Keywords:
Spatial Extent: Six estuarine study regions across the conterminous US.
Archived Data Citation: Byrd, K.B., L. Ballanti, N. Thomas, D. Nguyen, J.R. Holmquist, M. Simard, and L. Windham-Myers. 2021. Aboveground Biomass High-Resolution Maps for Selected US Tidal Marshes, 2015. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. DOI: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1879
Bounding Coordinates:
West Longitude:
-122.73000
East Longitude:
-69.93000
North Latitude:
47.12000
South Latitude:
25.09000
Product Title: Relative Tidal Marsh Elevation Maps with Uncertainty for Conterminous USA, 2010
Start Date: 01/1983End Date: 12/2010 (1983-2010 for mapsof tidal amplitude, 2010 for elevation maps)
Description: This dataset provides maps of the elevation of coastal wetlands relative to tidal ranges for the conterminous United States (CONUS) at 30 m resolution for 2010. It also includes maps of tidal amplitude, relative sea-level rise for the period 1983-2001, and maps for coastal lands and low marsh areas based on the probability of being below the mean higher high tide water line for spring tides (MHHWS). Uncertainty layers for elevation maps are also provided.
Status: Archived
CMS Science Theme(s): Land Biomass
Keywords:
Spatial Extent: Coastal areas of the conterminous United State
Archived Data Citation: Holmquist, J.R., and L. Windham-Myers. 2021. Relative Tidal Marsh Elevation Maps with Uncertainty for Conterminous USA, 2010. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. DOI: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1844
Bounding Coordinates:
West Longitude:
-134.67000
East Longitude:
-56.85000
North Latitude:
48.27000
South Latitude:
20.57000
Publications:
Byrd, K. B., Ballanti, L., Thomas, N., Nguyen, D., Holmquist, J. R., Simard, M., Windham-Myers, L. 2018. A remote sensing-based model of tidal marsh aboveground carbon stocks for the conterminous United States. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 139, 255-271. DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.03.019
EPA, 2017. Inventory of US greenhouse gas emissions and sinks: 1990-2015. Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks-1990-2015. Chapter 6. Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry
Hinson, A. L., Feagin, R. A., Eriksson, M. 2019. Environmental Controls on the Distribution of Tidal Wetland Soil Organic Carbon in the Continental United States. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 33(11), 1408-1422. DOI: 10.1029/2019GB006179
Hinson, A. L., Feagin, R. A., Eriksson, M., Najjar, R. G., Herrmann, M., Bianchi, T. S., Kemp, M., Hutchings, J. A., Crooks, S., Boutton, T. 2017. The spatial distribution of soil organic carbon in tidal wetland soils of the continental United States. Global Change Biology. 23(12), 5468-5480. DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13811
Holmquist, J. R., Windham-Myers, L. 2022. A Conterminous USA-Scale Map of Relative Tidal Marsh Elevation. Estuaries and Coasts. DOI: 10.1007/s12237-021-01027-9
Holmquist, J. R., Windham-Myers, L., Bernal, B., Byrd, K. B., Crooks, S., Gonneea, M. E., Herold, N., Knox, S. H., Kroeger, K. D., McCombs, J., Megonigal, J. P., Lu, M., Morris, J. T., Sutton-Grier, A. E., Troxler, T. G., Weller, D. E. 2018. Uncertainty in United States coastal wetland greenhouse gas inventorying. Environmental Research Letters. 13(11), 115005. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aae157
Holmquist, J. R., Windham-Myers, L., Bliss, N., Crooks, S., Morris, J. T., Megonigal, J. P., Troxler, T., Weller, D., Callaway, J., Drexler, J., Ferner, M. C., Gonneea, M. E., Kroeger, K. D., Schile-Beers, L., Woo, I., Buffington, K., Breithaupt, J., Boyd, B. M., Brown, L. N., Dix, N., Hice, L., Horton, B. P., MacDonald, G. M., Moyer, R. P., Reay, W., Shaw, T., Smith, E., Smoak, J. M., Sommerfield, C., Thorne, K., Velinsky, D., Watson, E., Grimes, K. W., Woodrey, M. 2018. Accuracy and Precision of Tidal Wetland Soil Carbon Mapping in the Conterminous United States. Scientific Reports. 8(1). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26948-7
Rogers, K., Kelleway, J. J., Saintilan, N., Megonigal, J. P., Adams, J. B., Holmquist, J. R., Lu, M., Schile-Beers, L., Zawadzki, A., Mazumder, D., Woodroffe, C. D. 2019. Wetland carbon storage controlled by millennial-scale variation in relative sea-level rise. Nature. 567(7746), 91-95. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0951-7
Thomas, N., Simard, M., Castaneda-Moya, E., Byrd, K., Windham-Myers, L., Bevington, A., Twilley, R. R. 2019. High-resolution mapping of biomass and distribution of marsh and forested wetlands in southeastern coastal Louisiana. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 80, 257-267. DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2019.03.013
Windham-Myers, L., T. Troxler, and S. Crooks (eds) (2018) A Blue Carbon Primer: The State of Coastal Wetland Carbon Science, Practice and Policy. 352pp. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group: Boca Raton, FL ISBN-13: 978-1498769099
Morris, J. T., Barber, D. C., Callaway, J. C., Chambers, R., Hagen, S. C., Hopkinson, C. S., Johnson, B. J., Megonigal, P., Neubauer, S. C., Troxler, T., Wigand, C. 2016. Contributions of organic and inorganic matter to sediment volume and accretion in tidal wetlands at steady state. Earth's Future. 4(4), 110-121. DOI: 10.1002/2015EF000334
Archived Data Citations:
Hinson, A.L., R.A. Feagin, and M. Eriksson. 2019. Tidal Wetlands Soil Organic Carbon and Estuarine Characteristics, USA, 1972-2015. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. DOI: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1742
James R Holmquist, Windham-Myers, Lisamarie, Bliss, Norman, Crooks, Stephen, Morris, James T, Megonigal, J Patrick, Troxler, Tiffany, Weller, Donald, Callaway, John, Drexler, Judith, Ferner, Matthew C, Gonneea, Meagan E, Kroeger, Kevin D, Schile-Beers, Lisa, Woo, Isa, Buffington, Kevin, Boyd, Brandon M, Breithaupt, Joshua, Brown, Lauren N, Dix, Nicole, Hice, Lyndie, Horton, Benjamin P, MacDonald, Glen M, Moyer, Ryan P, Reay, William, Shaw, Timothy, Smith, Erik, Smoak, Joseph M, Sommerfield, Christopher, Thorne, Karen, Velinsky, David, Watson, Elizabeth, Wilson Grimes, Kristen, Woodrey, Mark. (2018). [Dataset:] Accuracy and Precision of Tidal Wetland Soil Carbon Mapping in the Conterminous United States: Public Soil Carbon Data Release Version 1. Smithsonian Institution. DOI: 10.25572/ccrcn/10088/35684. [Date Accessed].
Ballanti, L., and K.B. Byrd. 2018. Green Vegetation Fraction High-Resolution Maps for Selected US Tidal Marshes, 2015. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. DOI: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1608
Ballanti, L., and K.B. Byrd. 2018. Vegetation and Open Water High-Resolution Maps for Selected US Tidal Marshes, 2015. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. DOI: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1609
Holmquist, J.R., L. Windham-Myers, N. Bliss, S. Crooks, J.T. Morris, P.J. Megonigal, T. Troxler, D. Weller, J. Callaway, J. Drexler, M.C. Ferner, M.E. Gonneea, K. Kroeger, L. Schile-beers, I. Woo, K. Buffington, B.M. Boyd, J. Breithaupt, L.N. Brown, N. Dix, L. Hice, B.P. Horton, G.M. Macdonald, R.P. Moyer, W. Reay, T. Shaw, E. Smith, J.M. Smoak, C. Sommerfield, K. Thorne, D. Velinsky, E. Watson, K. Grimes, and M. Woodrey. 2019. Tidal Wetland Soil Carbon Stocks for the Conterminous United States, 2006-2010. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. DOI: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1612
Holmquist, J.R., L. Windham-Myers, B. Bernal, K.B. Byrd, S. Crooks, M.E. Gonneea, N. Herold, S.H. Knox, K. Kroeger, J. Mccombs, P.J. Megonigal, L. Meng, J.T. Morris, A.E. Sutton-grier, T. Troxler, and D. Weller. 2019. Coastal Wetland Elevation and Carbon Flux Inventory with Uncertainty, USA, 2006-2011. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. DOI: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1650
Holmquist, J.R., J. Riera, J.P. Megonigal, L. Schile-beers, K.J. Buffington, and D.E. Weller. 2021. Digital Elevation Models for the Global Change Research Wetland, Maryland, USA, 2016. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. DOI: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1793
Feagin, R.A., I. Forbrich, T.P. Huff, J.G. Barr, J. Ruiz-plancarte, J.D Fuentes, R.G. Najjar, R. Vargas, A. Vazquez-lule, L. Windham-Myers, K. Kroeger, E.J. Ward, G.W. Moore, M. Leclerc, K.W. Krauss, C.L. Stagg, M. Alber, S.H. Knox, K.V.R. Schafer, T.S. Bianchi, J.A. Hutchings, H.B. Nahrawi, A. Noormets, B. Mitra, A. Jaimes, A.L. Hinson, B. Bergamaschi, J. King, and G. Miao. 2020. Gross Primary Production Maps of Tidal Wetlands across Conterminous USA, 2000-2019. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. DOI: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1792
Byrd, K.B., L. Ballanti, N. Thomas, D. Nguyen, J.R. Holmquist, M. Simard, and L. Windham-Myers. 2021. Aboveground Biomass High-Resolution Maps for Selected US Tidal Marshes, 2015. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. DOI: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1879
Holmquist, J.R., and L. Windham-Myers. 2021. Relative Tidal Marsh Elevation Maps with Uncertainty for Conterminous USA, 2010. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. DOI: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1844
2015 NASA Carbon Cycle & Ecosystems Joint Science Workshop Poster(s)
Developing Policy-Relevant 'Blue Carbon' Protocols for Monitoring and Verification - Linking soil and satellite data to reduce uncertainty in coastal wetland carbon storage fluxes for national GHG inventories and market incentives
-- (Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Brian Bergamaschi, Judith Drexler, Kristin Byrd, Matthew Ferner, Patrick J. Megonigal, Lisa Schile, Donald Weller, Kevin Kroeger, Stephen Crooks, James Morris, Ariana Sutton-Grier, John Callaway, Marc Simard, Isa Woo, John Takekawa, Rusty A Feagin, Tiffany Troxler)
[abstract]
[poster]
Spatial quantification of blue carbon at landscape and continental scales
-- (Rusty A Feagin, R Wasantha Kulawardhana, Audra L Hinson, Sorin C Popescu, Thomas S Bianchi, Kevin M Yeager, Raymond G Najjar, Kevin D Kroeger, Lisa Windham-Myers)
[abstract]
[poster]
Spatial quantification of blue carbon at landscape and continental scales -- (Rusty A Feagin, R Wasantha Kulawardhana, Audra L Hinson, Sorin C Popescu, Thomas S Bianchi, Kevin M Yeager, Raymond G Najjar, Kevin D Kroeger, Lisamarie Windham-Myers) [abstract]
[poster]