A comprehensive carbon monitoring system will likely include the integration of bottom-up and top-down estimates. Current bottom-up estimates for global agricultural lands often consist of individual inventory-based estimates per country. This results in a global bottom-up estimate that is not consistent in underlying soils or land cover data, methods of estimating carbon stocks and fluxes, or estimates of uncertainty. The proposed research will use off-the-shelf data, models, and remote sensing products to develop a global bottom-up, inventory-based estimate of carbon stocks and fluxes for agricultural lands, including vegetation and soils. The annual estimates will be generated using globally consistent datasets, C estimation methods, and methods for estimating uncertainty. Land area will be defined by a fusion of MODIS land cover data and inventory-based land area data. Methods will coincide with current national and international methods and protocols for compatibility with ongoing efforts in carbon monitoring, reporting, and verification. While these estimates can be used independently for synthesis and assessment reports, they can also be (a) used in conjunction with similar global data on forest carbon stocks and fluxes, thereby generating one comprehensive bottom-up, inventory-based estimates, and (b) used to evaluate the latest state-of-the-art monitoring components generated by NASA in the coming years. A scoping study will also be conducted to determine how the bottom-up, inventory-based estimate can be improved upon or integrated with other satellite-based bottom-up estimates, and how the global agricultural estimate can be integrated with previously conducted estimates on global forest carbon.
Contact Support to request an email list of project participants.
Project URL(s):
None provided.
Data Products:
Product Title: CMS: Global Carbon Fluxes Associated with Livestock Feed and Emissions, 2000-2013
Start Date: 01/2000End Date: 12/2013
Description: This data set provides global annual carbon flux estimates, at 0.05-degree resolution, associated with livestock feed intake, manure, manure management, respiration, and enteric fermentation, summed over all livestock types. These fluxes can be summed across multiple grid cells to obtain totals for any given areas. These 2000-2013 flux estimates were based on livestock populations reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA NASS), on coefficients provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and on additional coefficients developed by the authors.
Spatial Resolution: 0.05 degree by 0.05 degree grid
Temporal Frequency: Annual
Input Data Products: To estimate carbon uptake and emissions at a subnational scale, crop carbon data was downscaled and spatially distributed to 0.05-degree resolution using the MODIS Land Cover Type 5, version 5.1 MCD12Q1 data product, following methods documented by West et al. (2014). Native 500-m MODIS data was initially gridded to 0.05-degree resolution, commensurate with the MODIS MCD12C1 product for climate modeling.
The flux estimates were based on livestock populations reported by the FAO and the USDA NASS, on coefficients provided by the IPCC, and on additional coefficients developed by Wolf et al. (2017).
Algorithm/Models Used: Combination of IPCC, EPA, FAO, and empirical carbon dynamics developed under the NACP MCI program. Downscaling algorithms in use were developed under previous NASA project.
Evaluation: Evaluation with other existing datasets on cropland biomass were completed and included in recently completed manuscript.
Intercomparison Efforts/Gaps:
Uncertainty Estimates: The mode, minimum and maximum likely values for each estimation parameter were used to develop normal or skewed normal probability density functions (PDFs), and Monte Carlo analysis was conducted on the complete estimation model.
Uncertainty Categories: Deterministic
Application Areas: - GHG emissions inventory; - Land management
Relevant Policies/Programs: IPCC GPG, NASA FPP, US Farm Bill, NACP, DOE Integrated Assessment program, CAP
Potential Users: USDA, EPA, FAO, US State Department
Stakeholders: News Media; Other CMS investigators and broader scientific research community (Point of Contact: Researchers)
Current Application Readiness Level: 3
Start Application Readiness Level: 3
Target Application Readiness Level: 6
Future Developments: Collaborate with Bowman-01 and Collatz-02 teams to improve CMS flux projects.
Limitations: The spatial distribution of these fluxes may be used for global carbon monitoring, estimation of regional uncertainty, and as input to Earth system models.
Archived Data Citation: Wolf, J., G. Asrar, and T.O. West. 2017. CMS: Global Carbon Fluxes Associated with Livestock Feed and Emissions, 2000-2013. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. DOI: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1329
Bounding Coordinates:
West Longitude:
-180.00000
East Longitude:
180.00000
North Latitude:
90.00000
South Latitude:
-90.00000
Publications:
Chen, M., Rafique, R., Asrar, G. R., Bond-Lamberty, B., Ciais, P., Zhao, F., Reyer, C. P. O., Ostberg, S., Chang, J., Ito, A., Yang, J., Zeng, N., Kalnay, E., West, T., Leng, G., Francois, L., Munhoven, G., Henrot, A., Tian, H., Pan, S., Nishina, K., Viovy, N., Morfopoulos, C., Betts, R., Schaphoff, S., Steinkamp, J., Hickler, T. 2017. Regional contribution to variability and trends of global gross primary productivity. Environmental Research Letters. 12(10), 105005. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa8978
Gulbeyaz, O., Bond-Lamberty, B., Akyurek, Z., West, T. O. 2018. A new approach to evaluate the MODIS annual NPP product (MOD17A3) using forest field data from Turkey. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 39(8), 2560-2578. DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2018.1430913
Luo, Y., Ahlstrom, A., Allison, S. D., Batjes, N. H., Brovkin, V., Carvalhais, N., Chappell, A., Ciais, P., Davidson, E. A., Finzi, A., Georgiou, K., Guenet, B., Hararuk, O., Harden, J. W., He, Y., Hopkins, F., Jiang, L., Koven, C., Jackson, R. B., Jones, C. D., Lara, M. J., Liang, J., McGuire, A. D., Parton, W., Peng, C., Randerson, J. T., Salazar, A., Sierra, C. A., Smith, M. J., Tian, H., Todd-Brown, K. E. O., Torn, M., Groenigen, K. J., Wang, Y. P., West, T. O., Wei, Y., Wieder, W. R., Xia, J., Xu, X., Xu, X., Zhou, T. 2016. Toward more realistic projections of soil carbon dynamics by Earth system models. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 30(1), 40-56. DOI: 10.1002/2015GB005239
Ogle, S. M., Davis, K., Lauvaux, T., Schuh, A., Cooley, D., West, T. O., Heath, L. S., Miles, N. L., Richardson, S., Breidt, F. J., Smith, J. E., McCarty, J. L., Gurney, K. R., Tans, P., Denning, A. S. 2015. An approach for verifying biogenic greenhouse gas emissions inventories with atmospheric CO
2
concentration data. Environmental Research Letters. 10(3), 034012. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/3/034012
West, T. O., Le Page, Y., Huang, M., Wolf, J., Thomson, A. M. 2014. Downscaling global land cover projections from an integrated assessment model for use in regional analyses: results and evaluation for the US from 2005 to 2095. Environmental Research Letters. 9(6), 064004. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/9/6/064004
Wolf, J., Asrar, G. R., West, T. O. 2017. Revised methane emissions factors and spatially distributed annual carbon fluxes for global livestock. Carbon Balance and Management. 12(1). DOI: 10.1186/s13021-017-0084-y
Wolf, J., West, T. O., Le Page, Y., Kyle, G. P., Zhang, X., Collatz, G. J., Imhoff, M. L. 2015. Biogenic carbon fluxes from global agricultural production and consumption. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 29(10), 1617-1639. DOI: 10.1002/2015GB005119
Zeng, N., Zhao, F., Collatz, G. J., Kalnay, E., Salawitch, R. J., West, T. O., Guanter, L. 2014. Agricultural Green Revolution as a driver of increasing atmospheric CO2 seasonal amplitude. Nature. 515(7527), 394-397. DOI: 10.1038/nature13893
Chen, J. M., Fung, J. W., Mo, G., Deng, F., West, T. O. 2015. Atmospheric inversion of surface carbon flux with consideration of the spatial distribution of US crop production and consumption. Biogeosciences. 12(2), 323-343. DOI: 10.5194/bg-12-323-2015
King, A. W., Andres, R. J., Davis, K. J., Hafer, M., Hayes, D. J., Huntzinger, D. N., de Jong, B., Kurz, W. A., McGuire, A. D., Vargas, R., Wei, Y., West, T. O., Woodall, C. W. 2015. North America's net terrestrial CO<sub>2</sub> exchange with the atmosphere 1990-2009. Biogeosciences. 12(2), 399-414. DOI: 10.5194/bg-12-399-2015
Zhang, X., Izaurralde, R. C., Manowitz, D. H., Sahajpal, R., West, T. O., Thomson, A. M., Xu, M., Zhao, K., LeDuc, S. D., Williams, J. R. 2015. Regional scale cropland carbon budgets: Evaluating a geospatial agricultural modeling system using inventory data. Environmental Modelling & Software. 63, 199-216. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.10.005
Archived Data Citations:
Wolf, J., G. Asrar, and T.O. West. 2017. CMS: Global Carbon Fluxes Associated with Livestock Feed and Emissions, 2000-2013. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. DOI: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1329
2015 NASA Carbon Cycle & Ecosystems Joint Science Workshop Poster(s)
Agricultural Green Revolution as a driver of increasing atmospheric CO2 seasonal amplitude
-- (Ning Zeng, Fang Zhao, George James Collatz, Eugenia Kalnay, Ross Salawitch, Tristram O. West, Guanter Luiz, Ghassem Asrar)
[abstract]